Sexual Misconduct
Sexual Misconduct is an umbrella term used to describe unwanted conduct that is sexual in nature such sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, sexual assault, sexual intimidation, stalking, and relationship violence (intimate partner and dating violence).
Sexual Assault
Sexual assault is defined as threats of, or deliberate physical contact of a sexual nature that is against another person’s will or without consent. Examples of such behavior include, but are not limited to the following:
- deliberate physical contact of a lewd type, including brushing, touching, grabbing, pinching, patting, hugging and kissing;
- deliberate or reckless threats, actual or implied, of physical contact of a sexual nature that results in reasonable fear of sexual assault or physical harm;
- coerced sexual activities, including rape. Rape, the most severe type of sexual assault, is legally defined in Pennsylvania as sexual intercourse that is coerced through force or threats of force, or with someone who is unconscious or with someone who is so mentally deranged or deficient as to be incapable of consent.
Consent
Consent means an informed, freely given agreement, communicated by clearly understandable words or actions, to participate in each form of sexual activity. Consent cannot be inferred from silence, passivity, or lack of active resistance. A current or previous dating or sexual relationship is not sufficient to constitute consent, and consent to one form of sexual activity does not imply consent to other forms of sexual activity. By definition, there is no consent when there is a threat of force or violence or any other form of coercion or intimidation, physical or psychological. A person who is the object of sexual aggression is not required to physically or otherwise resist the aggressor; the lack of informed, freely given consent to sexual contact constitutes sexual misconduct.
Sexual Harrassment
Sexual Harassment is defined as conduct that is sexual in nature, unwelcome, and denies or limits a person’s ability to participate in or benefit from a school’s educational program. Sexual violence is a severe form of sexual harassment.
There are three forms of sexual harassment: quid pro quo, hostile environment, and retaliation.
Quid pro quo harassment can only be carried out by a faculty member, an administrator, or another employee. It consists of unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature; and submission to, or rejection of such conduct results in adverse educational or employment action. Some examples include:
- submission to such conduct is made, either explicitly or implicitly, a term or condition of an individual’s employment or education; or
- submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis for employment or educational decisions affecting such individual.
Dating Violence
Dating violence is defined as physical, sexual, or psychological/emotional violence within a dating relationship.
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is defined as sexual or intimate partners engaging in one or more of the following acts:
- Attempting to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causing bodily injury, serious bodily injury, rape, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, sexual assault, aggravated indecent assault, or indecent assault with or without a deadly weapon;
- Placing another in reasonable fear of imminent serious bodily injury;
- Inflicting false imprisonment;
- Knowingly engaging in a course of conduct or repeatedly committing acts toward another person, including following the person, without proper authority, under circumstances which place the person in reasonable fear of bodily injury.
Rape
Rape is defined as an individual engaging in sexual intercourse with another individual:
- by forcible compulsion;
- by threat of forcible compulsion that would prevent resistance by a person of reasonable resolution;
- when the other individual is unconscious or is unaware that the sexual intercourse is occurring;
- where the individual has substantially impaired the other individual’s power to appraise or control his or her conduct by administering or employing, without the knowledge of the complainant, drugs, intoxicants or other means for the purpose of preventing resistance; or
- where the other individual suffers from a mental disability which renders the complainant incapable of consent.
Stalking
Stalking is defined as engaging in a course of conduct or repeatedly committing acts towards another person, including following the person without proper authority, under circumstances which demonstrate either an intent to place the other person in reasonable fear of bodily injury or to cause substantial emotional distress to the other person or engaging in a course of conduct or repeatedly communicating to another person under circumstances which demonstrate or communicate either an intent to place such other person in reasonable fear of bodily injury or to cause substantial emotional distress to the other person.
Sexual Exploitation
Sexual Exploitation includes, but is not limited to, prostituting another person, non-consensual visual or audio recording of sexual activity, non-consensual distribution of photos, images or information of an individual’s sexual activity or intimate body parts, non-consensual voyeurism, coercing someone against their will to engage in sexual activity, or knowingly transmitting sexually transmitted disease (STD) without disclosing STD status.